Toilets and Urinals

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Featured Articles
November 17, 2023
Unmasking gender disparities in Indian sanitation
Women's struggle for sanitation equity in rural areas and urban slums India
A training exercise on water and sanitation, as part of an EU-funded project on integrated water resource management in Rajasthan. (Image: UN Women Asia and Pacific; CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 DEED)
September 27, 2022
Dirty drains drain health
This study found that the sanitary quality of neighbourhood drains, in addition to toilets, affected sanitation and hygiene and incidences of ill-health in rural households.
Dirty drainages, harbingers of illhealth. Image for representation only (Image Source: SuSanA Secretariat via Wikimedia Commons)
December 2, 2021
The loo loop
Public toilets and choice of work for women
Separation between women and men’s toilets (Image: Rajesh Pamnani; CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
July 6, 2021
Billions lack access to WASH services
If trends persist, billions will be left without critical, life-saving WASH services, says a SDG monitoring report
Between 2016 and 2020, the global population with safely managed drinking water at home increased from 70% to 74% (Image: Pxhere)
May 11, 2021
Bathing spaces for women - crucial for WASH!
Bathing spaces and not toilets alone, aid women in maintaining health and hygiene. It is time the Swachh Bharat Mission pays attention to bathing spaces as well!
A temperory bathing space with no water and privacy in a fishing village in Tamil Nadu (Image Source: India Water Portal)
December 20, 2020
Putting faecal sludge management on track
The cost and revenue projections for both on-demand and scheduled desludging scenarios were elaborated upon in the faecal sludge management plan for Dhen­kanal Municipality.
Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant at Dhenkanal, Odisha
Toilet manure in organic farming :An article by Varanashi Research Foundation
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

VRFHuman faeces and urine (toilet manure) are a serious waste disposal problem especially in areas with high human population density. At the same time they are rich in nutrients that are essential to plants.
The challenges of ecological sanitation in coastal south India : A case study of Kovalam town South Chennai Tamil Nadu A presentation
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

This presentation by Sekhar Raghavan, Director, Rain Centre, Chennai, India highlights the experiences and the challenges faced by Rain Centre in introducing ecological sanitation in the coastal town of Kovalam near Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India along with Coastal and Rural development Trust (CRDT), a small non profit centre based in Kovalam .

The coastal town of Kovalam was selected as a case because of its peculiar situation with its location in a fast developing  peri-urban area in proximity to Chennai city characterised by good groundwater situation, adequate land and housing facilities, but with a glaring and urgent need and demand for toilets.

Establishment and management of community sanitary complexes in rural areas A handbook by Water and Sanitation Program
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

CoverIt is intended primarily for programme implementers to help them understand the critical need for Community Sanitary Complexes and inform them of the guiding principles to be adopted while planning for these.

India remains one of the countries wherein concerted efforts are still required to eliminate the practice of open defecation. The lack of priority given to safe confinement and disposal of human excreta poses significant health risks manifest in the sanitation challenge facing the nation today. 

The provision of sanitation facilities through public toilet complexes is the most suitable option for those who cannot afford individual toilets for monetary reasons or due to lack of space, and opt for open defecation. Such complexes are a useful and valuable option at public places, markets, taxi stands, etc., where a large congregation of people takes place. The Community Sanitary Complex (CSC) fosters the cognitive development of healthy sanitation practices in the community.

Public toilets In disrepair villagers suffer Video Volunteers Article in India Unheard
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

 

In Kokkarapati village (TN), dilapidated public toilets cause difficulty, disease and humiliation.

Assessment study of impact and sustainability of Nirmal Gram Puraskar A report by CMS Environment
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

NGP was initiated in Oct 2003 to encourage Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), block and districts to take up sanitation promotion, a post achievement, award-cum-fiscal incentive scheme. The eligibility criteria for the PRIs to receive NGP include: Gram Panchayats, Blocks and Districts, which achieve 100 per cent sanitation coverage in terms of: (1) 100 per cent sanitation coverage of individual households (2) 100 per cent school and anganwadis sanitation coverage (3) Free from open defecation and (4) Clean environment maintenance (liquid and solid waste management).

Enhanced quality of life through sustained sanitation: India country paper for South Asia Conference on Sanitation
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

coverThis India Country Paper on Enhanced Quality of Life through Sustained Sanitation was prepared for South Asia Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN) IV held at Colombo, Sri Lanka in April, 2011.

In rural sanitation, India’s flagship rural sanitation programme, the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), continues to be implemented with renewed vigour, and improvements in multiple facets of the programme. The TSC programme was given a further boost with the introduction of the Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP), an innovative incentive scheme for Gram Panchayats, Blocks and Districts. The rural sanitation sector has continued to receive increasing budgetary support.

Scaling up rural sanitation Findings from the impact evaluation baseline survey in Madhya Pradesh
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

This report is a part of a series of papers that analysed the baseline data from all countries where the program was implemented.

Survey of recent sanitation achievement in Himachal Pradesh A study by Institute of Development Studies
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

Himachal PradeshThis report of a study commissioned by the Institute of Development Studies on the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) site presents the findings of the survey that was conducted in Himachal Pradesh to assess the progress made by the state in rural sanitation, in the context of the sanitation revolution, which is said to have occurred in the state of Himachal Pradesh in the last few years. 

Himachal Pradesh has a population of about 6.9 million and is over 90% rural. It has a relatively good record on human development indicators and access to public services. However, it showed a dismal awareness on the sanitation front till a few years ago.For example, in 2004, household toilet coverage in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh was estimated at about 28%. In early 2005, the Government of Himachal Pradesh adopted a new strategy to secure better rural sanitation results, which included:

Uttar Pradesh Urban Sanitation Policy Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Government of India 2010
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

The factors that lead to this poor sanitation situation in the city include:
Study of water supply sanitation practices in India using geographic information systems Some design other considerations in a village setting IJMR research paper
Posted on 22 Nov, 2014 10:30 AM

 The study attempted to understand the phenomenon of water contamination in the village by using GIS as a tool to locate and map water supply and sewage distribution systems in the village, in relation to human and animal dwellings, their wastes, sanitary practices and their connections with drinking water quality for a clearer understanding of the connections between these factors and possible
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