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Drought, a climatic phenomenon marked by insufficient rainfall over an extended period, severely impacts livelihoods by causing water shortages for essential activities like farming. This leads to reduced agricultural income, livestock mortality, food insecurity, and health issues.

The future of over one billion people and globally significant ecosystems hinges on collaborative efforts to address the challenges posed by climate change and water management in three critical river basins: the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahm

Agricultural productivity continues to be low in South Asian economies such as India. For example, the average paddy production per hectare in India is 3590 kg, which is much lower compared to 6686 kg per ha.

As high as  600 million Indians suffer from high to very high water stress because of insufficient availability of freshwater.

The World Air Quality Report 2023, prepared by the Swiss technology company IQAir, was released on 19 March 2024. According to this report, India ranks as the third most polluted country in the world, following Bangladesh and Pakistan. Additionally, New Delhi, the capital of India, is identified as the most polluted capital globally.

The unprecedented water crisis gripping the city of Bangalore demands urgent attention. With soaring temperatures, acute water shortages and district-wide drought declarations, the gravity of the situation cannot be overstated. Projections indicate an increase in water demand of approximately 800 million litres per day (MLD) by 2031.

As India progresses towards achieving net-zero status by expanding its renewable energy capacity, a recent study by the

Irrigation, vital for agriculture, involves supplying water through artificial means like pipelines and sprinklers. It enhances crop yields, accounting for 17% of global agricultural land and 40% of cereal output. India, with limited resources, irrigates 64.7 million hectares, enabling multiple harvests.

India is widely acknowledged as one of the most water-stressed countries globally, exacerbated by the stark reality that it hosts 17% of the world's population but possesses only 4% of the world's freshwater resources.

The Meghalaya government in February 2024 hosted its first International Water Conclave 2024 in Shillong. The gathering involved the engagement of diverse experts, scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders, exchanging insights and ideas pertaining to water management. The conference, emphasising knowledge sharing and learning, is slated to become an annual event.