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The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has been at the forefront of environmental regulation, often stepping in to fill gaps in governance and pushing for more stringent standards to protect the environment. One such instance is its controversial approach to sewage management and the uniform standards it imposed for sewage treatment plants (STPs) across the country.

Wicked problems need congruent efforts by multiple stakeholders from multiple disciplines and approaches. The water crisis in India is evident and expected to grow with the increasing population and limited available resources. For many years, water, being a public good, was managed and governed by the active participation of government, academia, and NGOs.

In a world where the need for sustainable growth and innovative solutions has never been more urgent, India is stepping onto the global stage with a new idea.

The evolution of legislative framework for water pollution in India

Contrary to popular belief, the technology to treat sewage and to convert it to potable quality has existed for about 60 years now. Windhoek, (the capital of Namibia) has been treating wastewater and using it for potable purposes since 1968.

Inadequate sanitation facilities result in environmental degradation and public health risks. A survey by the British Medical Journal in 2006 found access to water and sanitation crucial for health and longevity.

Dengue cases have been rising in India over the last few years and battling the rise in cases due to the dual effects of climate change and uncontrolled urbanisation has been challenging.

In the heart of Marathwada region, Maharashtra, where the sun beats down mercilessly and rain is a fickle friend, lie ten villages nestled along the banks of the Bobhati River. These villages, part of the Kaij block in Beed district, are home to communities that have struggled for generations against the harsh realities of drought.

The complete removal of faecal contamination from the household environment is crucial for improving WASH outcomes.

India's groundwater is depleting very fast posing a threat to the freshwater resources and food security in the region. North India, a food basket for more than a billion people, has been experiencing rapid groundwater depletion leading to reduction in cropped area and the production of wheat and rice.