The report attempts to do a trace analysis of pesticides using gas chromatography technique. Pesticides are bio-accumulative and relatively stable, as well as toxic or carcinogenic, and therefore, require close monitoring. The identification and quantification of pesticides in different water bodies is a very important part of water analysis. The gas chromatography technique is considered appropriate, as most of the pesticides are volatile at the working temperature of gas chromatography. However, a pre-derivatization of a very few pesticides may be required prior to the analysis.
The choice of the separation and identification of pesticides depends on the polarity, ionic character and stability of pesticides. Classical liquid-liquid extraction procedure has been replaced by solid phase extraction method due to various advantages highlighted in this report.
The determination of pesticides and their degradation products by gas chromatography has been reviewed and evaluated. This report covers the literature part for the determination of organochlorine, nitrogen containing, organophosphorus and other pesticides in various water bodies, sediments and soils.
During the last few years, the number of publications on pesticide residue analysis increased significantly and important advances have been made in the development of multi-class, multi-residue, single-class and single residue methods for a wide variety of sample types. Most pesticide analysis has been reported using multi-residue method involving solvent extraction of the analyses from the sample matrix and quantitative determination by gas chromatography.
The source of pollution, sampling procedures, extraction, purification and pre-concentration techniques and other gas chromatographic conditions for pesticides determination have been discussed. The various gas chromatographic conditions used for the analysis of different pesticides are summarized in tabular form.
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