The study presents a status report on hydrological problems of hard rock areas related to hydrological network design, groundwater quality, failure of open and borewells, regional flood formulae, groundwater balance studies, reservoir sedimentation, hydrological aspects of droughts, forest hydrology and drainage problems of black soil of the hard rock terrain.
On the basis of the review of literature, the present state of art on the subject is summarized as:
- Even though hydrologic network serves a fundamental role in the scientific management of water resources, there is not enough emphasis given on raingauge and streamgauge network design. The key stations for the major river basins are fewer than as per design requirements.
- Groundwater pollution due to fluoride and nitrate concentration is widespread in hard rock regions, and studies on them need to be taken up on a priority basis.
- Groundwater in hard rocks is abstracted mostly from dug, dug-cum-bore, shallow bore and deep bore wells. Over-extraction in existing wells, failure in identifying the exact bearing zone leading to failure of open and bore wells in many parts of the hard rock region is a common phenomenon.
- In this region, there is growing demand for the groundwater resources due to inadequate availability of surface water resources. Hence, there is an urgent need to quantify the availability of groundwater resources required to meet demand. Water balance techniques have been extensively used to develop quantitative estimates of the water resources.
- In general, the groundwater potential of the hard rock regions is poor, though relatively high yields may be obtained in restricted locations under favorable conditions of topography and rainfall.
- Most of the regional flood studies are based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) approach and there is a need to take up systematic regional flood studies using large data base collected by different organizations and agencies.
- Despite large areas under the black soil region in hard rock regions, there is a dearth of research on drainage problems.
Download the report here:
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Post By: rajshekar