Quality, Standards and Testing

Water needed for human consumption, industrial purposes or other requirements must cater to certain minimum standards. The quality of any water is defined by its physical and chemical properties (characteristics). Physical properties include its appearance (colour, clarity and odour, perhaps also its taste) while the chemical properties refer to the constituents dissolved in it. Some of the physical properties are measurable and can be expressed in units of measurement while others like appearance, odour or taste are clearly subjective. However, all the chemical constituents can be measured accurately.

Drinking water must meet certain quality standards to safeguard the health of the people. The permissible and desirable limits of various parameters in drinking water have been detailed as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standard specifications for potable water. These parameters are included in BIS-10500-1991. The various parameters covered include colour, odour, pH, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, elemental compounds such as iron, manganese, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, arsenic, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, zinc and coliform bacteria. The tolerance limits for inland surface waters for various classes of water use have been published by the Central Water Commission. Per ISI-IS: 2296-1982, the tolerance limits of parameters are specified as per classified use of water depending on various uses of water ranging from Class A to Class E.

What does the water that one drinks contain, what substances are dissolved in it and what are their safe limits? What are the issues that affect water quality? For more detailed information on all this, please read our FAQs on Rules, Regulations & Standards concerning water and Equipments used to measure water quality and quantity

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Featured Articles
January 30, 2024 The workshop provided inputs into the newly formed committee for “Standard Operation Procedure for Quality Testing of Drinking Water Samples at Sources and Delivery Points”
Sector partners come together to supplement the efforts of the government on water quality and surveillance (Image: Barefoot Photographers of Tilonia)
October 4, 2023 वैज्ञानिकों को पहली बार बादलों में सूक्ष्म प्लास्टिक (माइक्रोप्लास्टिक) की मौजूदगी के सबूत मिले हैं। शोधकर्ताओं का भी मानना है कि इसका जलवायु और समुद्री पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र पर गंभीर प्रभाव पड़ सकता है।
बादलों में प्लास्टिक के कण
July 8, 2022 Indian rivers are experiencing rising temperatures, which can lower the oxygen carrying capacity of their waters and spell doom for living organisms, small and large living in the waters.
The Karamana river in Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala (Image Source: India Water Portal)
June 22, 2021 Nonylphenol and its ethoxylates in drinking water: A health challenge
Water treatment facilities are incapable of removing many chemical compounds and need to be upgraded (Image: PxHere)
Takeaways from NEERI brainstorming workshop - Water technology developers and other stakeholders
Engaging better with different stakeholders involved with bringing scientific innovation in the water sector to reach large numbers of people who need the innovations. Posted on 11 Oct, 2010 03:21 AM

The National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is a premier CSIR laboratory. On September 7th, NEERI held a brainstorming workshop entitled "Interface between water technology developers and other stakeholders”.  The purpose of the workshop was to engage better with other players involved with bringing scientific innovation in the water sector to reach large numbers of people who need the innovations.  Attendees included scientists from many CSIR laboratories involved with water research, senior central government officials from the Rural Water Supply Department and the Dept of Science and Technology, State government officials, representatives from leading corporate houses including Eureka Forbes and Unilever and NGOs.  

Brainstorming workshop on interface between water technology developers and other stakeholders by NEERI
A workshop to develop an interface between water technology developers and other stakeholders Posted on 08 Oct, 2010 08:17 PM

A workshop on developing interface between water technology developers and other stakeholders particularly those who actively address water policy issues namely officials of Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Public Health Engineering Department, NGOs, International Organisations and Professional Associations was held by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) with support of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) at Nagpur on 7th September, 2010. 

Analysis of the UN General Assembly's Resolution on Right to Water and Sanitation
Why historic UN General Assembly Resolution declaring Water and Sanitation as a Right, was opposed and vetoed by those who strongly have been professing for human rights Posted on 30 Sep, 2010 06:47 PM

The historic UN General Assembly Resolution declaring Water and Sanitation as a Right, was passed on the 28th July 2010. 

What is surprising is the complete silence to this UN Resolution from some of the countries who have been traditional champions of human rights, in terms of celebrating it as a historic achievement in advocating a basic right to water and sanitation. Instead some of them went one step short of openly opposing and vetoing the UN Resolution and have heaped criticism on Bolivia for tabling this UN Resolution.

Protect the right to life considering the dignity of women who do not have access to a toilet
How Mumbai tackles its situation of sanitation and water: finds out Jan Jagruti Posted on 30 Sep, 2010 10:26 AM

Sanitation - a big problem in India, as half the population of our country do not have access to this facility. Mumbai is one of the biggest cities in the world and advanced in terms of its commercialization. However, sanitation is one of the most common issues neglected. Our team of women from Jan Jagruti went into the lanes of 3 areas Azad Mohala, Bharatiya Kamla Nagar, Vijay Nagar and spoke to women to understand the severity of the sanitation issue prevailing. These areas have severe problems with public health, due to improper sanitation infrastructure and insufficiency of toilet facilities, compounded by numerous issues of flooding during the monsoon season. Khaaddi, a local area/dumping ground, is widely used by local residents for urination and defecation, leading to the spread of contagious diseases. Though women use paid toilets, the issue of cleanliness and waiting in long queues are the most common problem before them. It is very insecure for them when they use open spaces for defecation.

Water Resources Engineering and Management - A Civil Engineering Course under the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning
A web-based course to enhance the quality of engineering education in the country Posted on 29 Sep, 2010 07:42 AM

This Civil Engineering Course under the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) on the broad subject of Water Resources Engineering and Management is being carried out by Indian Institute of Technology’s and the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore as a collaborative project supported by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Government of India) to enhance the quality of engineering education in the country, by developing curriculum based video and web courses. In these web based lectures, the authors have developed the subject in detail and in stages in a student-friendly manner. The broad group of Water Resources Engineering is structured into modules on the topic by IIT Kharagpur as follows:

Successful innovations in solid waste management systems: Examples from five local bodies in Tamil Nadu
This booklet illustrates examples of the implementation and impact of solid waste management innovations in five localities in Tamil Nadu Posted on 28 Sep, 2010 11:32 AM

Innovations in Solid Waste Management Systems - Tamil NaduThis booklet about the work of Exnora Green Pammal (EGP), produced by UNICEF and published by the Government of Tamil Nadu,  illustrates examples of the implementation and impact of solid waste management innovations in five localities in Tamil Nadu. The solid waste management systems in these localities are widely regarded as successes that deserve replication.This document has been produced to inspire and enable more local body authorities to emulate such successes in other parts of the country.

Improving solid waste management services in India is an urgent challenge for all levels of the government. Littering and the indiscriminate disposal of solid waste are widely practiced, polluting India's air, water, soil and inhabitants. Such pollution impedes India's efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).The nation's measures to combat malaria and other diseases (MDG 6), reduce child mortality (MDG 4), and ensure environmental sustainability (MDG 7) are all hampered by the unsightly and unhygienic conditions created by the accumulation of waste.

Grand Challenge: Create the next generation of sanitation technologies
Grand Challenges in Global Health innovates to address the sanitation challenge Posted on 28 Sep, 2010 10:56 AM


Grand Challenge: Create the Next Generation of Sanitation Technologies

Quotations invited to setup a water testing laboratory
Posted on 23 Sep, 2010 12:51 PM

We intend to set up water testing laboratory  for aquaculture for the parmeters like

India’s groundwater typologies – A presentation by ACWADAM
Groundwater typologies in India Posted on 22 Sep, 2010 08:01 AM

This presentation by ACWADAM deals with groundwater typologies in India. The typology of groundwater can be defined in many ways based on a) Uses of Groundwater, b) Geography, c) Geology, d) Hydrogeology (Aquifers), e) Groundwater Quality, f) Stage of Groundwater Development, and g) Socio-ecology of Groundwater.

Chemistry of groundwater – A presentation by ACWADAM
Quality of water is quintessential. Quality of groundwater supply determines where and for what it can be used. Posted on 21 Sep, 2010 10:40 PM

This presentation by ACWADAM deals with the chemistry of groundwater. It is now recognized that the quality of groundwater is as important as its quantity. All groundwater contains salts in solution which are derived from the location and the movement of water through rocks. The quality of groundwater supply depends where and for what it is planned to be used. Thus water quality standards for drinking water, industrial water and irrigation water differ significantly.