India

The study attempts to apply Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based approach for flood estimation. The design storm data of four catchments along with morphological characteristics have been considered. The geomorphological parameters and time area diagrams for each of the dam catchments were generated using the GIS package, Integrated Land and Water Information Systems (ILWIS).

The geomorphological parameters together with the time-area diagram forms an important input for the GIUH based Clark model. This model has been applied for deriving the instantaneous unit hydrograph and thereby to estimate the design flood in four dam catchments located in Luni and Chambal basins in Rajasthan viz. Jawai, Sei, Gamabhiri and Alnia. A review of the previous studies carried out using GIUH approach has been presented. Furthermore, a review of studies carried out using GIS techniques is also provided.

The status report reviews some of the important applications of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in surface water hydrology, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The review also covers the basic aspects of ANNs, various ANN architectures and learning algorithms.

The report discusses the status and progress of studies of various hydrological problems associated with mountainous areas experiencing rain and snow. The principal issues related to mountain hydrology on the local and regional scales are discussed and highlighted.

The status of the hydrological studies carried out in the mountainous basins indicates a poor understanding of basic hydrological variables like precipitation, temperature and evaporation. The non-availability of long duration hydrometeorological data for higher altitude areas is responsible for this.

The study presents a status report on hydrological problems of hard rock areas related to hydrological network design, groundwater quality, failure of open and borewells, regional flood formulae, groundwater balance studies, reservoir sedimentation, hydrological aspects of droughts, forest hydrology and drainage problems of black soil of the hard rock terrain.

The study reviews the present status of urbanization in the developed and developing countries and assesses the changes in urban hydrological cycle owing to this. The softwares used for studying urbanization and sanitation issues in the urban areas have been reviewed.

The report tries to review the hydrological studies done in the northeastern region of India by all agencies, governmental or non-governmental. Sufficient care has been taken to include all the salient features of the studies to make it comprehensive. The various information  included in this report are the purpose and year of study, location and extent of the study area with its brief description, data used, list of specific studies along with its results and recommendations wherever possible.

An attempt has been made to pull together all the studies related to hydrology and its allied field. Besides these planned studies done by various departments, research studies done by academic institutions and research and development organizations has also been included.

The hydrological inventory of Ganga basin provides information regarding availability of hydrological data and highlights major hydrological problems of the basins. The information is a useful input in water resources planning, management and research activities.

The study endeavors to test the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in an urban area. The report presents the technical summary of the model, its structure, interaction between the various blocks of SWMM, the input requirements and the output. The Windows implementation of the blocks, including descriptions of the screen sequences, corresponding blocks, changes made for ease of use and limitations of the implementation are presented. The minimum hardware requirements and installation information for the Windows SWMM are discussed.

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Natural resources are limited and considering industrialization and global warming we should start focusing on preserving natural resources or need to find out optimum way to utilize these resources.

Earth, tree and water are linked to each other and due to vast industrialization we are breaking the nature rules now the time has come to give back or restore our natural resources.